Learning Hub / Unit 1
Unit 1 of 6 · Round S-01 · target day 2026-11-21
One ruler and your first receipt
"Tomorrow will be 10." Ten what, where, when, and measured by whom? Everyone in the challenge forecasts the same thing at the same place. This unit makes the question exact, then seals your first forecast and explains what the receipt proves and what it does not.
"明天是 10。"10 什么?哪里?哪一天?谁来量?挑战赛里所有人预测同一个地点的同一件事。本单元先把题目说准,再封存你的第一个预测,并讲清回执能证明什么、不能证明什么。
60-minute lesson + 20-minute round touchReal data: Boston Logan, 47 daysVersion table marked SYNTHETIC
Goals and exit evidence
- Name the five parts of every round: station, variable, unit, target window and cutoff.
- Tell a forecast apart from an observation, and a known fact from something still unknown.
- Explain that a receipt proves which content the server received and when, not that the forecast is right.
Exit evidence: a correctly completed task-understanding card and one full spoken forecast sentence. Not graded on accuracy.
- 说出每一轮的五个要素:站点、变量、单位、目标区间、截止时间。
- 区分预测与实测,区分已知事实与仍然未知的事。
- 说明回执证明的是服务器收到了哪份内容、何时收到,而不是预测正确。
出口证据:一张填写正确的任务理解卡,加上口述一句完整的预测句。不按准确率打分。
Story hook
Two friends argue. One says tomorrow will be 10, the other says 50. Both turn out right: one meant °C, the other °F. A third friend checked a phone app for downtown, not the airport, and a fourth counted the day from midnight to midnight in a different time zone. Before anyone can be scored, everyone needs the same ruler.
两个朋友争论。一个说明天 10 度,一个说 50 度。结果两人都对:一个说的是 °C,一个说的是 °F。第三个人看的是市中心而不是机场的 App,第四个人按另一个时区的午夜到午夜算一天。要计分,大家先得用同一把尺子。
Concepts
1 · The round card
Station: Boston Logan (USW00014739). Variable: the day's highest temperature, TMAX. Your unit: °C with one decimal. Target window: one climate day, 00:00 to 24:00 EST (fixed UTC−05:00 all year, no daylight saving). Cutoff: 18:00 EST the day before.
站点:Boston Logan(USW00014739)。变量:当日最高气温 TMAX。你的单位:°C,一位小数。目标区间:一个气候日,EST 00:00 到 24:00(全年固定 UTC−05:00,不随夏令时)。截止:前一日 18:00 EST。
2 · Forecast vs observation
A forecast is a statement about a future window. An observation is a recorded value for a past window, from a named source. The official observation for scoring is the first complete NWS daily climate report (CLI) for Boston, in whole °F.
预测是对未来区间的说法;实测是某个已过去区间、来自指定来源的记录值。计分用的官方实测是 Boston 第一份完整的 NWS 日气候报告(CLI),单位为整数 °F。
3 · Seal and receipt
Only the server's received time counts, and it must be strictly before the cutoff: exactly 18:00:00 is already late. You may revise before the cutoff; the latest on-time version counts. Older versions are kept. A sha256 is a fingerprint of the content, not a certificate of truth.
只认服务器接收时间,且必须严格早于截止:恰好 18:00:00 已经算晚。截止前可以修改,计分用最后一个准时版本,旧版本都保留。sha256 是内容的指纹,不是"正确"的证书。
Worked example with real Boston data
Pick any day from the 47-day classroom record. The page reads the observed high in whole °F and turns it into an exact °C value the same way the scorer does: (F − 32) × 5/9 = (50F − 1600)/90, kept as a fraction.
从 47 天课堂记录中任选一天。页面读出整数 °F 实测最高温,并像计分程序一样换成精确的 °C:(F − 32) × 5/9 = (50F − 1600)/90,保留为分数。
Source: IEM ASOS daily summary (preliminary). Official scoring uses the NWS CLI product, which can differ. This classroom file is for practice reading, not for a live round.
来源:IEM ASOS 日汇总(初步值)。正式计分用 NWS CLI,数值可能不同。这份课堂文件只用来练习读数,不是正在进行的轮次。
Activity A · Read the round card and the clock
- Round
- S-01 · BOS-2026-11-21
- Station
- Boston Logan · USW00014739
- Variable
- TMAX
- Your unit
- °C
- Target window
- 2026-11-21 00:00–24:00 EST = 05:00Z → 2026-11-22 05:00Z
- Cutoff
- 2026-11-20 18:00 EST = 23:00Z
Type a server received time (UTC). The page applies the rule received_at < cutoff_at and places it on the timeline.
输入一个服务器接收时间(UTC)。页面按规则 received_at < cutoff_at 判断,并画到时间线上。
Activity B · °F and °C converter
If an app shows 50 °F and you type 50.0 into a °C box, you have forecast a scorching 50 °C. Nobody may fix it for you after the reveal.
若 App 显示 50 °F,而你在 °C 框里填 50.0,你就预测了酷热的 50 °C。揭晓后谁也不能替你改。
Check for understanding
1. An app shows 50 °F and the box asks for °C. What should you type? What happens if you type 50.0?App 显示 50 °F,输入框要 °C。应填多少?若直接填 50.0 会怎样?
Answer
(50 − 32) × 5/9 = 10.0 °C. Typing 50.0 is read as 50 °C. The teacher checks units before sealing, never changes a value after the result.
(50 − 32) × 5/9 = 10.0 °C。填 50.0 会被当成 50 °C。教师应在封存前确认单位,不能看到结果后替学生改。
2. How many hours lie between the S-01 cutoff (23:00 UTC on 20 Nov) and the start of the target window (05:00 UTC on 21 Nov)?S-01 截止(11 月 20 日 23:00 UTC)与目标区间开始(11 月 21 日 05:00 UTC)相隔几小时?
Answer
6 hours. The target day has not started when the round closes.
6 小时。截止时目标日还没开始。
3. Sort: A "I estimate the high will be 8.5 °C". B "The official report recorded 9.0 °C for a past day". C "I have a receipt, so 8.5 must be right".分类:A"我估计最高温 8.5 °C";B"官方报告记录某个过去日最高温 9.0 °C";C"我有回执,所以 8.5 一定对"。
Answer
A is a forecast. B is a past observation with a source. C is wrong: a receipt shows what was received, not whether it was correct.
A 是预测;B 是有来源的过去观测;C 错误:回执说明收到了什么,不说明对不对。
4. SYNTHETIC version table, cutoff 23:00:00 UTC. Which version counts?合成版本表,截止 23:00:00 UTC。哪个版本计分?
| Version | Server received (UTC) | Forecast |
|---|---|---|
| v1 | 22:40:00 | 8.5 °C |
| v2 | 22:59:59 | 9.0 °C |
| v3 | 23:00:01 | 10.0 °C |
Answer
v2: the latest version received strictly before the cutoff. v3 is kept as a late learning revision and does not replace v2. A version received at exactly 23:00:00 would also be late.
v2:严格早于截止的最后一个版本。v3 作为晚交学习修订保留,不替换 v2。恰好 23:00:00 收到也算晚。
5. If you set your device clock back to 22:00 and then submit v3, does it become on time?把设备时钟拨回 22:00 再提交 v3,能算准时吗?
Answer
No. Only the server's received time counts. A browser clock is not a trusted competition clock.
不能。只认服务器接收时间,浏览器时钟不是可信的比赛时钟。
Classroom: 20-minute round touch
| 0–3 | Look at the Logan station and the S-01 window; each learner says what exactly is being forecast.看 Logan 站和 S-01 区间;每人说清"预测的是什么"。 |
| 3–8 | Look at public data or the historical sample; estimate a high first, without AI.看公开数据或历史样本,先不用 AI 估一个最高温。 |
| 8–13 | Enter the forecast, optionally one sentence of reasoning, seal and get a receipt; the teacher checks the cutoff.填预测、可选一句理由,封存拿回执;教师核对截止。 |
| 13–18 | After the reveal: read the official value, compute the absolute error, name one method to change.揭晓后:读官方实测,算绝对误差,说一个想改变的方法。 |
| 18–20 | Guardians see a private summary and confirm whether to continue.家长看到私密摘要,确认下一次是否继续。 |
Full 60-minute lesson plan
| 0–7 | "I say 10, you say 50: who is closer?" Learners spot the missing unit and observation."我说 10 度,你说 50 度,谁更准?"学生指出缺单位和实测。 |
| 7–17 | Read the task card; circle station, variable, unit, window and cutoff in five colours.读任务卡,用五种颜色圈出站点、变量、单位、区间、截止。 |
| 17–27 | °F/°C conversion and the timeline (Activities A and B).摄氏华氏换算与时间线(活动 A、B)。 |
| 27–37 | Sort sentences into known fact, forecast and unknown. Show one AI explanation and find one unsupported claim.把句子分为已知事实、预测、未知;看一段 AI 解释,找一处无根据的结论。 |
| 37–49 | Demonstrate seal A, revise to B, revise after cutoff; choose the counted version.演示封存 A、改为 B、截止后再改;选出计分版本。 |
| 49–56 | What a hash and a receipt can and cannot prove: one sentence each. Note the first 8 characters of the sha256.哈希与回执能证明和不能证明的各写一句;记下 sha256 前 8 位。 |
| 56–60 | Exit: hand in the card and say one complete forecast sentence.出口:交卡,口述一句完整的预测句。 |
Age bands
10–12
Convert only easy values (32, 50, 68 °F). The teacher gives the UTC conversion; no time-zone memorising.
只换算易算的数(32、50、68 °F)。教师给出 UTC 换算,不考时区记忆。
13–15
Compute the 6-hour gap; explain why the server clock decides, not the device clock.
算出 6 小时间隔;解释为什么以服务器时间而不是设备时间为准。
16–17
Discuss canonical data and receipts: same content versus same submission event; why sha256 alone cannot prove the time.
讨论规范化数据与回执:内容相同与提交事件相同的区别;为什么单靠 sha256 不能证明时间。
No-device alternative. Paper task cards stamped "classroom practice" in the corner; the teacher keeps the version order. A paper card is never written up as a server receipt. At home (10 minutes, optional): explain to a family member what you forecast, the latest time to hand it in, and how it will be checked. No home location is needed.
无设备替代。纸质任务卡右上角盖「课堂演练」,教师保留版本顺序;纸卡不得写成服务器回执。课后(可选,10 分钟):向家人说明你预测什么、最晚何时交、将用什么检验。不需要提供家庭位置。
Five numbers (after each round)
Math map for this unit
| MD-L2-UNITSENSE | Units and quantity sense |
| EE-L2-EVAL | Evaluate an expression with full operations |
| EE-L2-INEQ | Write an inequality: boundary and direction |
| MD-L2-EST | Estimation and reasonableness of magnitude |
| XC-L2-ASKED | Report the quantity asked |
Sources: SOURCES.json · lesson text merged from m681 lesson 1, spec 41 unit 1 and week 1 of the spec 48 merge plan.